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. 2025 Aug 23;11:401. doi: 10.1038/s41420-025-02705-4

Table 3.

Lactylation events that act in combination with other PTMs to regulate lipid metabolism.

Lactylation Other PTMs Functions Diseases Refs
PCK2 K100 Ubiquitination Prevent Parkin-mediated polyubiquitination of OXSM LT [44]
H3K18la m6A modification and acetylation Promote m6A-modified NEAT1 stability, activate SCD by histone acetylation HCC [45]
H3K18la m6A modification Promote METTL3-mediated SCD1 m6A levels NAFLD [48]
H3K18la m6A modification Promote METTL3-mediated m6A modification on ACSL4 ALI [72]
HADHA K519 Methylation KDM6B-mediated HADHA demethylation/ lactylation regulates cementogenesis Periodontitis [62]
NSUN2 K508 m5C modification Promote GCLC m5C formation GC [75]
Mecp2 K271la Methylation Exercise ameliorates atherosclerosis via Mecp2 k271la-H3k36me3/RUNX1 Atherosclerosis [124]
AMPKα lactylation Phosphorylation AMPKα lactylation inhibits its phosphorylation IVDD [134]
H3K18la ACSL4 lactylation H3K18la promotes ACSL4 transcription, while lactate directly stimulates non-histone lactylation of ACSL4 at K412 IVDD [73]
H3K18la MTCH2 acetylation H3K18la-induced ACAT2 transcription promotes MTCH2 K100 acetylation, which disrupts OXPHOS and establishes a positive feedback loop PC [84]
SPRING lactylation Phosphorylation pPCK1 binds to and phosphorylates LDHA, further promoting SPRING lactylation at K82 and thereby enhancing MVA pathway activity ICC [83]