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. 2025 Aug 23;15:31012. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16539-8

Table 3.

Parameterization of 22 test questions.

Problem N M n FEs
ZDT1–ZDT3 200 2 30 10,000
ZDT4 and ZDT6 200 2 10 10,000
UF1–UF7 200 2 30 10,000
UF8–UF10 200 3 30 10,000
DTLZ1 200 3 7 10,000
DTLZ2–DTLZ6 200 3 12 10,000
DTLZ7 200 3 22 10,000