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. 2025 Aug 23;15:31003. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16395-6

Table 1.

Characteristics of the studied bank vole pools. The 12 pools of in total 32 bank voles studied for PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and liver histopathology showing the sex (F female, M male), age (J juvenile, A adult), number of voles per pool (N), concentrations (ng/g ww) in liver of four PFAS that have been previously studied for toxic effects, and assessment (mean based on two independent assessments; range with a maximum of 1–5 (mild-severe) is given in parentheses) of observed cytoplasmatic changes. Liver sections for all 32 bank voles along with detailed descriptions of histopathological observations are given in supplementary table S5.

Pool Sex Age N PFOA PFNA L-PFOS PFHxS Cytoplasmatic changes
1 F J 3 2.2 7.3 4430 285.7 1.8 (1–3)
2 F J 3 0.3 2.4 3086 71.4 3.2 (2–4)
3 F J 3 1.4 3.2 3073 68.8 3.5 (2–4)
4 F A 3 0.3 0.5 469 5.5 1.8 (1–3)
5 F A 2 1.1 10.4 10,749 252.0 2.0 (1–3)
6 M J 3 1.3 3.1 2736 125.4 2.5 (1–5)
7 M J 3 1.1 2.5 1371 7.2 2.5 (2–3)
8 M J 2 1.4 7.5 11,380 178.1 2.0 (2–2)
9 M J 2 0.8 3.6 8957 149.0 3.0 (2–4)
10 M A 3 0.3 0.5 2903 26.42 3.0 (1.5-5)
11 M A 3 0.8 1.4 1270 79.32 2.8 (1–5)
12 M A 2 1.4 0.5 1222 13.22 2.5 (1–4)