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. 2025 Aug 23;15:31054. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15345-6

Table 5.

Computation time for path planning (seconds) with different number of UAVs

Number of UAVs Computation time for path planning (in seconds)
Proposed HGJMFOA GTMPSO MPIPA AFSAPPM ACOACPPM
4 1.86 1.94 2.05 2.23 2.35
8 1.95 2.08 2.16 2.39 2.46
12 2.14 2.21 2.32 2.43 2.54
16 2.29 2.32 2.45 2.54 2.68
20 2.38 2.44 2.56 2.65 2.78
24 2.49 2.56 2.65 2.77 2.89
28 2.56 2.88 2.96 2.84 2.95
32 2.67 2.94 3.12 3.24 3.35
36 2.79 3.12 3.25 3.45 3.56
40 2.84 3.25 3.38 3.56 3.69