Table 4.
Self-assessment of health depending on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and health condition.
| Variables | Self-assessment of health [0–100] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | t | p | |||
| Age | − 0.181 | − 2.578 | 0.011 | ||
| Nicotinism [years] (N = 100) | − 0.087 | − 0.845 | 0.400 | ||
| Diet changes (N = 193) | 0.158 | 2.152 | 0.033 | ||
| Stressful events in the previous year (N = 209) | − 0.099 | − 1.395 | 0.165 | ||
| Number of medication taken | − 0.050 | − 0.700 | 0.485 | ||
| M ± SD | Me | Q1–Q3 | Mo | Min–Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | |||||
| ≤ 65 | 56.50 ± 17.65 | 50.0 | 40.0–80.0 | Multiple | 35.0–80.0 |
| > 65 | 56.0 ± 18.91 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 56) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = − 0.093, p = 0.926 | ||||
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 56.09 ± 19.25 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 40) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Male | 55.92 ± 18.15 | 50.0 | 48.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 19) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 0.238, p = 0.812 | ||||
| Pension amount | |||||
| Very low | 55.63 ± 27.18 | 50.0 | 45.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 4) | 15.0–100.0 |
| Low | 55.20 ± 18.03 | 50.0 | 45.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 9) | 10.0–85.0 |
| Average | 56.28 ± 18.68 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 36) | 10.0–100.0 |
| High | 55.33 ± 20.77 | 50.0 | 41.5–70.0 | 50 (N = 6) | 10.0–90.0 |
| Kruskal–Wallis test | H = 0.255, p = 0.968 | ||||
| Living with someone/alone | |||||
| With someone | 55.89 ± 19.23 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 32) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Alone | 55.63 ± 18.07 | 50.0 | 49.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 26) | 15.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 0.215, p = 0.830 | ||||
| Smoking cessation | |||||
| Yes | 55.90 ± 18.51 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 24) | 10.0–100.0 |
| No | 55.68 ± 16.31 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 8) | 20.0–95.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 0.299, p = 0.765 | ||||
| Overweight/ obesity | |||||
| No | 54.77 ± 19.20 | 50.0 | 49.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 36) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Yes | 57.67 ± 18.26 | 55.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 23) | 10.0–90.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = − 1.224, p = 0.211 | ||||
| Physical activity | |||||
| Lack of physical activity | 46.34 ± 18.06 | 50.0 | 35.0–60.0 | 50 (N = 21) | 10.0–85.0 |
| 1–2 per week | 60.0 ± 16.75 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 5) | 25.0–90.0 |
| 3–4 per week | 57.19 ± 13.16 | 55.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 7) | 25.0–80.0 |
| 5–6 per week | 58.06 ± 14.40 | 50.0 | 50.0–72.50 | 50 (N = 7) | 40.0–80.0 |
| Every day | 63.79 ± 18.75 | 65.0 | 50.0–80.0 | 50 (N = 17) | 15.0–100.0 |
| Kruskal–Wallis test | H = 28.841, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Fat reduction | |||||
| Yes | 58.46 ± 18.19 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 20) | 10.0–90.0 |
| No | 54.64 ± 18.47 | 50.0 | 49.50–70.0 | 50 (N = 30) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 1.613, p = 0.107 | ||||
| Calorie reduction | |||||
| Yes | 57.61 ± 18.28 | 55.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 17) | 10.0–95.0 |
| No | 55.32 ± 18.60 | 50.0 | 49.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 35) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 1.022, p = 0.307 | ||||
| Changing the type of fats | |||||
| Yes | 59.49 ± 18.47 | 50.0 | 50.0–75.0 | 50 (N = 12) | |
| No | 54.70 ± 18.31 | 50.0 | 49.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 39) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 1.939, p = 0.053 | ||||
| Salt reduction | |||||
| Yes | 57.34 ± 18.95 | 55.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 20) | 10.0–95.0 |
| No | 55.62 ± 18.03 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 33) | 10–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 0.772, p = 0.440 | ||||
| Fish consumption | |||||
| Yes | 56.83 ± 18.96 | 50.0 | 45.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 18) | 10.0–100.0 |
| No | 56.04 ± 18.10 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 35) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 0.325, p = 0.745 | ||||
| Fruit and vegetable consumption | |||||
| Yes | 59.09 ± 17.65 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 28) | 10.0–100.0 |
| No | 53.04 ± 18.84 | 50.0 | 40.0–65.0 | 50 (N = 25) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 2.371, p = 0.018 | ||||
| Sugar reduction | |||||
| Yes | 59.11 ± 16.54 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 26) | 10.0–95.0 |
| No | 53.22 ± 19.92 | 50.0 | 40.0–65.0 | 50 (N = 27) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 2.212, p = 0.027 | ||||
| Alcohol reduction | |||||
| Yes | 57.18 ± 16.08 | 52.50 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 31) | 20.0–90.0 |
| No | 55.18 ± 20.93 | 50.0 | 40.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 22) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 0.760, p = 0.447 | ||||
| Self–assessment of lifestyle | |||||
| Unhealthy | 45.0 ± 21.26 | 40.0 | 30.0–60.0 | Multiple | 10.0–80.0 |
| Average | 56.04 ± 16.66 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 31) | 15.0–90.0 |
| Healthy | 59.36 ± 19.35 | 55.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 24) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Kruskal–Wallis test | H = 9.024, p = 0.011 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||
| No | 54.02 ± 18.90 | 50.0 | 45.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 36) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Yes | 58.66 ± 18.46 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 23) | 10.0–90.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = − 1.918, p = 0.055 | ||||
| COPD | |||||
| No | 56.29 ± 18.48 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 53) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Yes | 53.86 ± 21.60 | 50.0 | 45.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 6) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 0.438, p = 0.662 | ||||
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 56.09 ± 19.25 | 50.0 | 45.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 9) | 10.0–95.0 |
| Yes | 56.01 ± 18.78 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 50) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Mann–Whitney U test | Z = 0.069, p = 0.945 | ||||
| Type of heart failure | |||||
| Unknown | 63.46 ± 19.08 | 70.0 | 50.0–80.0 | 80 (N = 4) | 30.0–90.0 |
| HFrEF | 53.18 ± 17.22 | 50.0 | 45.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 6) | 20.0–80.0 |
| HFmrEF | 53.68 ± 21.59 | 50.0 | 40.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 7) | 10.0–100.0 |
| HFpEF | 55.62 ± 18.87 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 50 (N = 40) | 10.0–100.0 |
| Kruskal–Wallis test | H = 3.128, p = 0.372 | ||||