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. 2025 Aug 23;15:31040. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13881-9

Table 4.

Self-assessment of health depending on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and health condition.

Variables Self-assessment of health [0–100]
R t p
Age − 0.181 − 2.578 0.011
Nicotinism [years] (N = 100) − 0.087 − 0.845 0.400
Diet changes (N = 193) 0.158 2.152 0.033
Stressful events in the previous year (N = 209) − 0.099 − 1.395 0.165
Number of medication taken − 0.050 − 0.700 0.485
M ± SD Me Q1–Q3 Mo Min–Max
Age group
 ≤ 65 56.50 ± 17.65 50.0 40.0–80.0 Multiple 35.0–80.0
 > 65 56.0 ± 18.91 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 56) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = − 0.093, p = 0.926
Gender
 Female 56.09 ± 19.25 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 40) 10.0–100.0
 Male 55.92 ± 18.15 50.0 48.0–70.0 50 (N = 19) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 0.238, p = 0.812
Pension amount
 Very low 55.63 ± 27.18 50.0 45.0–70.0 50 (N = 4) 15.0–100.0
 Low 55.20 ± 18.03 50.0 45.0–70.0 50 (N = 9) 10.0–85.0
 Average 56.28 ± 18.68 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 36) 10.0–100.0
 High 55.33 ± 20.77 50.0 41.5–70.0 50 (N = 6) 10.0–90.0
 Kruskal–Wallis test H = 0.255, p = 0.968
Living with someone/alone
 With someone 55.89 ± 19.23 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 32) 10.0–100.0
 Alone 55.63 ± 18.07 50.0 49.0–70.0 50 (N = 26) 15.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 0.215, p = 0.830
Smoking cessation
 Yes 55.90 ± 18.51 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 24) 10.0–100.0
 No 55.68 ± 16.31 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 8) 20.0–95.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 0.299, p = 0.765
Overweight/ obesity
 No 54.77 ± 19.20 50.0 49.0–70.0 50 (N = 36) 10.0–100.0
 Yes 57.67 ± 18.26 55.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 23) 10.0–90.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = − 1.224, p = 0.211
Physical activity
 Lack of physical activity 46.34 ± 18.06 50.0 35.0–60.0 50 (N = 21) 10.0–85.0
 1–2 per week 60.0 ± 16.75 60.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 5) 25.0–90.0
 3–4 per week 57.19 ± 13.16 55.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 7) 25.0–80.0
 5–6 per week 58.06 ± 14.40 50.0 50.0–72.50 50 (N = 7) 40.0–80.0
 Every day 63.79 ± 18.75 65.0 50.0–80.0 50 (N = 17) 15.0–100.0
Kruskal–Wallis test H = 28.841, p < 0.001
Fat reduction
 Yes 58.46 ± 18.19 60.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 20) 10.0–90.0
 No 54.64 ± 18.47 50.0 49.50–70.0 50 (N = 30) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 1.613, p = 0.107
Calorie reduction
 Yes 57.61 ± 18.28 55.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 17) 10.0–95.0
 No 55.32 ± 18.60 50.0 49.0–70.0 50 (N = 35) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 1.022, p = 0.307
Changing the type of fats
 Yes 59.49 ± 18.47 50.0 50.0–75.0 50 (N = 12)
 No 54.70 ± 18.31 50.0 49.0–70.0 50 (N = 39) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 1.939, p = 0.053
Salt reduction
 Yes 57.34 ± 18.95 55.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 20) 10.0–95.0
 No 55.62 ± 18.03 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 33) 10–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 0.772, p = 0.440
Fish consumption
 Yes 56.83 ± 18.96 50.0 45.0–70.0 50 (N = 18) 10.0–100.0
 No 56.04 ± 18.10 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 35) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 0.325, p = 0.745
Fruit and vegetable consumption
 Yes 59.09 ± 17.65 60.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 28) 10.0–100.0
 No 53.04 ± 18.84 50.0 40.0–65.0 50 (N = 25) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 2.371, p = 0.018
Sugar reduction
 Yes 59.11 ± 16.54 60.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 26) 10.0–95.0
 No 53.22 ± 19.92 50.0 40.0–65.0 50 (N = 27) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 2.212, p = 0.027
Alcohol reduction
 Yes 57.18 ± 16.08 52.50 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 31) 20.0–90.0
 No 55.18 ± 20.93 50.0 40.0–70.0 50 (N = 22) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 0.760, p = 0.447
Self–assessment of lifestyle
 Unhealthy 45.0 ± 21.26 40.0 30.0–60.0 Multiple 10.0–80.0
 Average 56.04 ± 16.66 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 31) 15.0–90.0
 Healthy 59.36 ± 19.35 55.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 24) 10.0–100.0
 Kruskal–Wallis test H = 9.024, p = 0.011
Diabetes mellitus
 No 54.02 ± 18.90 50.0 45.0–70.0 50 (N = 36) 10.0–100.0
 Yes 58.66 ± 18.46 60.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 23) 10.0–90.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = − 1.918, p = 0.055
COPD
 No 56.29 ± 18.48 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 53) 10.0–100.0
 Yes 53.86 ± 21.60 50.0 45.0–70.0 50 (N = 6) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 0.438, p = 0.662
Hypertension
 No 56.09 ± 19.25 50.0 45.0–70.0 50 (N = 9) 10.0–95.0
 Yes 56.01 ± 18.78 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 50) 10.0–100.0
 Mann–Whitney U test Z = 0.069, p = 0.945
Type of heart failure
 Unknown 63.46 ± 19.08 70.0 50.0–80.0 80 (N = 4) 30.0–90.0
 HFrEF 53.18 ± 17.22 50.0 45.0–70.0 50 (N = 6) 20.0–80.0
 HFmrEF 53.68 ± 21.59 50.0 40.0–70.0 50 (N = 7) 10.0–100.0
 HFpEF 55.62 ± 18.87 50.0 50.0–70.0 50 (N = 40) 10.0–100.0
 Kruskal–Wallis test H = 3.128, p = 0.372