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. 2025 Aug 23;15:31060. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16731-w

Table 7.

Computational time saving of the ANN-assisted method compared to the brute force search.

Method Resolution (nm) #Simulations (1st design) #Simulations (2nd design) TDR (1st design) TDR (2nd design)
Brute force 1 152,709,466 916,256,796 70,688 183,145
5 288,999 1,733,994 128 346
10 20,000 120,000 9 24
ANN

r1: 9

r2: 10

d1: 20

d2: 20

2,179 5,010 1 1

#: Number of, TDR: Time Demand Ratio.