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. 2025 Aug 24;15:31077. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16962-x

Table 3.

The comparative study of Co3O4@mSiO2/IL-Pd with former catalysts in the reduction of nitrobenzenes.

Entry Catalyst Conditions Recovery times References
1 MMT@Fe3O4@Cu H2O, 60 °C 5 90
2 Pd NPs/C@ Fe3O4 H2O, EtOH, 70 °C 5 91
3 Fe3O4@SiO2/EP.EN.EG@Cu H2O, 60 °C 4 92
4 Fe3O4‐Glu‐Ag H2O, 60 °C 4 93
5 Fe3O4@C@Ag-Au H2O, RT 5 94
6 Co3O4@mSiO2/IL-Pd H2O, RT 7 This work

a Isolated yields.