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. 2025 Aug 23;15:30997. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16142-x

Table 1.

Summarization of the existing work.

Paper references DL model Dataset Class Accuracy (%)
Mohanty et al.14 AlexNet, GoogleNet PlantVillage14 38 99.34
Ferentinos et al.15

AlexNet, VGG,

Overfeat, GoogleNet

AlexNetOWTBn

PlantVillage14 58 99.48
Geetharamani et al.32 Nine layer CNN PlantVillage14 38 96.46
Chen et al.33

VGGNet with two

inception layer

Maize dataset14 4 84.25
Sethy et al.34

11 state-of-art CNN

architecture with

SVM for classification

Rice dataset34 4 98.38
Too et al.18

Fine tune 6 different

CNN models

PlantVillage14 38 99.76
Atila et al.19 EfficientNet PlantVillage14 38 99.38
Zeng et al.21

Self-attention CNN with

Residual Connection

AES-CD9214

MK-D2 dataset35

6 95.59
Qian et al.23

Transformer and Multi-

head attention

Maize dataset14 4 98.7
Pandey24 DADCNN-5 PlantVillage14 38 99.93
Bhujel et al.25

CNN with Multiple

attention

Tomato leaf14 10 99.69
Lu et al.27 GET GLDP12k dataset27 11 98.14
Yu et al.28 ViT architecture Ibean36 3 99.22
Borhani et al.29 ViT architecture Wheat rust37 3 100

Mohamed Zarboubi

et al.26

CustomBottleneck-

VGGNet

PlantVillage14 10 99.12

Abdelaaziz

Bellout et al.31

LT-YOLOv10n

Roboflow Universe,

PlantVillage14

9 98.7
Bellout et al.30

Multiple YOLO

architecture

PlantVillage14

PlantDoc38

3 93.1