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. 2025 Aug 23;15:31036. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14138-1

Table 4.

Determinants of hypertension among respondents (n=5,676).

Variable COR [95%CI] AOR [95%CI] P-value
Age category
18-29  Ref Ref
30-44 2.0[1.528-2.715] 1.9[1.354-2.633] <0.001
45-59 4.7[3.468-6.318] 4.1[2.848-6.015] <0.001
60-69 7.3[5.295-10.17] 5.7[3.757-8.646] <0.001
Province
Kigali 1.3[0.902-1.817] 0.9[0.647-1.330] 0.684
South 1.6[1.230-2.113] 1.7[1.258-2.226] <0.001
West 1.6[1.218-2.136] 1.6[1.208-2.238] 0.002
North 1.4[1.036-2.008] 1.5[1.051-2.086] 0.025
East  Ref Ref
Location
Rural  Ref Ref
Urban 1.2[0.947-1.456] 1.3[1.012-1.612] 0.039
Education Level
None 1.5[1.098-2.072] 1.1[0.812-1.599] 0.447
Primary School 1.1[0.775-1.454] 1.0[0.743-1.432] 0.849
Secondary and High School  Ref Ref
Marital Status
Never married  Ref Ref
Currently married 2.2[1.621-3.018] 0.9[0.638-1.401] 0.782
Separated 3.6[2.580-5.096] 1.0[0.651-1.546] 0.986
Employment status
Employed  Ref Ref
Unemployed 0.8[0.572-1.027] 1.2[0.857-1.604] 0.318
Ever consumed any Alcohol
No  Ref Ref
Yes 1.5[1.131-1.897] 0.9[0.656-1.267] 0.584
Consumed alcohol with 12 months
No  Ref Ref
Yes 1.4[1.135-1.686] 1.4[1.110-1.871] 0.006
Blood pressure measurement history
No  Ref Ref
Yes 1.5[1.206-1.827] 1.1[0.840-1.312] 0.664
Cholesterol measurement history
No  Ref Ref
Yes 2.6[1.450-4.709] 1.8[0.858-3.900] 0.117
Active transport (Walking/Bicycle use)
Yes  Ref Ref
No 1.5[0.936-2.399] 1.1[0.870-2.233] 0.167
Perceived importance of salt reduction
Very important  Ref Ref
Somewhat important 0.9[0.668-1.143] 0.9[0.711-1.253] 0.692
Not at all important 0.7[0.473-0.948] 0.7[0.517-1.077] 0.118
Total cholesterol levels
Normal Ref Ref
Borderline high 2.9[1.644-5.432] 1.8[0.958-3.241] 0.068
High 1.3[0.513-3.340] 1.3[0.430-3.741] 0.665
Physical active level 
Physically active  Ref Ref
Physical Inactive 1.2[0.767-1.733] 0.9[0.567-1.373] 0.580
Excessive drinking
No excessive drinking  Ref Ref
excessive drinking 1.7[1.278-2.307] 1.4[0.982-1.940] 0.063
BMI Category
Normal Weight  Ref Ref
Underweight 0.9[0.650-1.265] 0.7[0.522-1.060] 0.102
Overweight/Obese 1.7[1.418-2.142] 1.6[1.202-2.002] 0.001
Diabetes status
Diabetic 4.9[3.476-6.929] 6.7[3.791-11.66] <0.001
Non-diabetic  Ref Ref
Engagement in vigorous physical activity
Yes  Ref Ref
No 1.7[1.283-2.193] 1.1[0.777-1.486] 0.660