Table 1.

Reference values

Parameter	Description	Dimensional Value	References
t*	Time	1 h
C*	Cancer density	1.0 × 109 cells/cm3	55–59
P*	PI3K level	0.01 μM	60
$T_a^{*}$	Activated effector T cell density	1.0 × 106 cells/cm3	55,61,62
$T_e^{*}$	Exhausted effector T cell density	1.0 × 106 cells/cm3	55,61,62
$T_r^{*}$	Regulatory T cell density	1.0 × 106 cells/cm3	55,61,62
[L]*	PD-L1 level	0.4 μM	63
[R]*	PD-1 level	0.4 μM	63
${\left[\overline{L\cdot R}\right]}^{*}$	Complex level	= [R]*	63
$A_T^{*}$	Treg inhibitor density	8.88 μM	64
$A_L^{*}$	PD-L1 inhibitor density	20 μM	65
$A_P^{*}$	PI3K inhibitor density	1.45 μM	66

An asterisk (e.g., C^*) denotes the dimensional form of a variable, whereas variables without an asterisk (e.g., $\overline{C}$) represent dimensionless quantities used in the simulations. The dimensionless variable is obtained by scaling with respect to a reference value, such that $\overline{C}=C/C^{*}$. Reference values (e.g., C^*) are listed in the table to facilitate this nondimensionalization.