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. 2025 Aug 23;11:96. doi: 10.1038/s41540-025-00578-y

Table 3.

Parameters used in the model (Continued from Table 2)

Parameter Description Dimensional Value References
Conversion parameters of T cell
a1 Conversion rate of activated effector T cell to exhausted effector T cell 1.67 × 10−4s−1 Estimated
b1 Conversion rate of exhausted effector T cell to activated effector T cell 5.56 × 10−5s−1 Estimated
HC Hill coefficient in T cell conversion 1.2 μM Estimated
Binding parameters
k1 Association rate 1.2 × 10−3 μM−1s−1 63
k−1 Dissociation rate 1.8 × 10−3s−1 63
CAF phenotypic parameters
α Antiimmune rate [0, 1]* Varied throughout the study
β Proimmune rate [0, 1]* Varied throughout the study
γ Anticancer rate [0, 1]* Varied throughout the study
δ Procancer rate [0, 1]* Varied throughout the study

Parameters labeled as ‘Estimated’ are not directly measured in experiments but are inferred through simulations to ensure biologically plausible system behavior. These estimations are based on known biological timescales, qualitative observations, or values reported in related literature. Dimensionless values are marked in *.