Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 23;15:31028. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15342-9

Table 2.

The r-value for each item to total score, its item to its subscales.

Number of item Variable Total score Respiratory regulation Oral motor function Swallowing coordination Engagement Physiologic stability
1 Integrates breaths within the sucking burst .724** .681
2 Times the length of the sucking burst to remain stable .596 .739
3 Organizes long sucking bursts (7 + sucks) without signs of behavioral or cardio-respiratory instability .628 .807
4 Each time the nipple is received, transitions to sucking without behavioral or cardio-respiratory signs of instability .604 .702
5 Increased work of breathing .673 .727
6 Promptly starts sucking once nipple is received .757 .825
7 Sucks with steady and strong suction .751 .830
8 Actively opens mouth and drops tongue to receive the nipple when lips are stroked .731 .842
9 Loss of milk at lips .656 .755
10 Gulping or effortful swallows .751 .829
11 Gurgling/rattle sounds created by fluid in the nose or pharynx .696 .764
12 High-pitched “yelping” sound as the airway re-opens after the swallow .604 .784
13 Coughing or choking sounds .418 .617
14 Energy .749 .927
15 State .795 .939
16 Color change .628 .730
17 Stable oxygen saturation .305 .578
18 Stable heart rate .495 .694
19 Stress .443 .593

*P < 0.05: using Pearson correlation analysis; r-table = .1736.

*,*P < 0.01: using Pearson correlation analysis.