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. 2025 Aug 23;15:31023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15550-3

Table 5.

Evaluation results of catboost regression model.

Year R 2 RMSE
2000 0.786 ± 0.010 0.074 ± 0.002
2005 0.770 ± 0.020 0.077 ± 0.004
2010 0.804 ± 0.015 0.073 ± 0.003
2015 0.786 ± 0.011 0.076 ± 0.002
2020 0.706 ± 0.018 0.082 ± 0.001