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. 2025 Aug 23;15:31016. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15192-5

Table 2.

Surface roughness (Ra, Avg. roughness; Rz, Roughness depth; RSm, Peak spacing) of tested materials.

Material Ra (µm) Rz (µm) RSm (µm)
High density polyethylene (HDPE) 4.63 45.89 1307.50
Stainless steel (316L) 3.45 33.33 1713.59
Viton® rubber 9.83 55.73 5081.31
Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) 3.26 22.77 1441.73
Polycarbonate 7.50 57.12 395.98
Silicone rubber 13.69 108.66 2131.00
Porex 19.86 100.01 38.61
GAPI PTFE (virgin) 10.94 64.01 2705.20