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. 2025 Aug 11;7:1582406. doi: 10.3389/frph.2025.1582406

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© 2025 Kuck and Hogervorst.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar chart comparing mean scores for psychological and social quality of life (PsySoc QoL), depression, anxiety, and memory complaints across different exercise groups: none, mindfulness, yoga, physical activity, any two combined exercises, and all three exercises. Error bars indicate ninety-five percent confidence intervals. — Mean levels of psychosocial QoL, depression, anxiety, and memory complaints across different exercise groups.