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. 2025 Aug 11;16:1653569. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1653569

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Copyright © 2025 Tang, Ding, Zhong, Sun, Han, Li and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Line graph showing CO2 accumulated weight loss in grams over 22 days for various samples: CY3079, CGCD1-5, CGCD1-1, CGCD1-7, JDCD01, CGCD1-9, SIVE4101, CGCD1-4, and LFSY0-17. CO2 weight loss increases over time for all samples, with CY3079 showing the highest increase. Different symbols and colors represent each sample. Error bars indicate variability. — Fermentation kinetics of nine non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains compared with the control strain S. cerevisiae CY3079.