Table 2. Graft failure rates by race and time. This shows that AAs have significantly higher rates at every time point.

	Caucasian Americans (CAs) (N = 40,263)	African Americans (AAs) (N = 13,421)	p-value	Chi-squared test (Chi²)	Degrees of freedom (df)	Cramer’s effect size (V)
Gfail day 30	2,568/39,584 (6.5%)	970/13,245 (7.3%)	0.0015	10.05	1	0.014
Gfail 1 year	5,884/37,762 (15.6%)	2,325/12,708 (18.3%)	<0.0001	50.87	1	0.026
Gfail 3 years	8,426/33,150 (25.4%)	3,625/11,310 (32.1%)	<0.0001	154.95	1	0.050
Gfail 5 years	10,172/30,179 (33.7%)	4,326/10,323 (41.9%)	<0.0001	218.35	1	0.060