Table 1.

Results from 2 complementary linear mixed effects models explaining variation in (log-transformed) flight initiation distance (FID) in yellow-bellied marmots. The first used the entire data set to test the hypotheses that the date of snow disappearance and temperature were associated with FID. The second focused on observations made in July to test the hypothesis that July rainfall was associated with FID. Repeatability was measure as the ration of the among-individual variance (V_individual) divided by the total variance (sum of the variance components). Significant, P-values (< 0.05) are bolded.

	Full data set			July data set
Predictors	Estimates	CI	P	Estimates	CI	P
(Intercept)	2.93	2.75 to 3.12	<0.001	2.83	2.60 to 3.06	<0.001
Alert distance (log)	0.66	0.62 to 0.70	<0.001	0.65	0.60 to 0.71	<0.001
Date of snow disappearance	-0.01	−0.07 to 0.06	0.796	−0.07	−0.17 to 0.04	0.235
Trial number	-0.08	−0.13 to -0.04	<0.001	−0.06	−0.10 to -0.01	0.011
Valley position [up-valley]	0.25	−0.02 to 0.52	0.073	0.21	−0.12 to 0.54	0.214
Day of year	0.01	−0.03 to 0.04	0.688	0.04	−0.01 to 0.09	0.112
Temperature	-0.04	−0.07 to -0.01	0.004	−0.01	−0.05 to 0.04	0.713
Time (in radians)	0.02	−0.01 to 0.05	0.281	−0.00	−0.05 to 0.04	0.858
Distance to burrow (log(x + 1))	0.13	0.10 to 0.16	<0.001	0.12	0.07 to 0.17	<0.001
Average daily July rainfall				0.04	−0.03 to 0.12	0.263
Random effects
Vresidual	0.24			0.25
Vindividual	0.04			0.03
V year	0.01			0.02
V Colony	0.04			0.06
Repeatability	0.27			0.30
Marginal R2/conditional R2	0.632 0.731			0.579/0.706
Sample size
Individuals	545			332
Years	17			17
Colonies	11			11
Observations	1584			694