Figure 2.

Effects of preconception paternal predation risk on adolescent and adult offspring phenotypes. (A) Total distance and (B) % time in the center of the open field in adolescent offspring; (C) representative trajectory diagram of the open-field test; (D) frequency of transmissions and (E) % time in the light chamber of light/dark box in adolescent offspring; (F) representative trajectory diagram of the light/dark box test; concealing time towards acute distilled water (G), rabbit urine (H) and cat urine (I) exposure; (J) baseline serum CORT levels of adult offspring; n = 16 for each group. DW, distilled water; RO, rabbit odor; CO, cat odor. Main effect of paternal treatment (*P < 0.05). Turkey’s post hoc test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 indicates differences between different paternal treatment groups; #P < 0.05 indicates differences between males and females). The error bars represent ± standard error.