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. 2025 Aug 6;16:1539924. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1539924

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Copyright © 2025 Lian, Zhu, Hu, Su, Xu and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Four ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves show sensitivity versus one minus specificity. Each plot features a blue line representing the model performance and a green diagonal line indicating random chance. The curves depict various model performances above the diagonal line, suggesting better than random classifications. — ROC curves of NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII.