Table 1.
Patients characteristics between the H. pylori-positive and the H. pylori-negative group
| Variables | H. pylori-negative | H. pylori-positive | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 892 | n = 732 | ||
| Sex, % | |||
| Male | 547(61.3%) | 480 (65.6%) | 0.077 |
| Female | 345(38.7%) | 252(34.4%) | |
| Age, % | |||
| < 60 | 637(71.4%) | 549(75.0%) | 0.105 |
| ≥ 60 | 255(28.6%) | 183(25.0%) | |
| Marital status, % | |||
| Unmarried | 321(36.0%) | 284(38.8%) | 0.244 |
| Married | 571(64.0%) | 448(61.2%) | |
| Smoking, % | |||
| No | 647(72.5%) | 535(73.1%) | 0.803 |
| Yes | 245(27.5%) | 197(26.9%) | |
| Drinking, % | |||
| No | 685(76.8%) | 554(75.7%) | 0.601 |
| Yes | 207(23.2%) | 178(24.3%) | |
| Medical Insurance, % | |||
| Resident Medical Insurance | 553(62.0%) | 459(62.7%) | 0.769 |
| Employee Medical Insurance | 339(38.0%) | 273(37.3%) | |
| Place of Residence, % | |||
| Urban Residents | 495(55.5%) | 394(53.8%) | 0.502 |
| Rural Residents | 397(44.5%) | 338(46.2%) | |
| Duration of Hospitalization, % | |||
| < 7 days | 682(76.5%) | 529(72.3%) | 0.054 |
| ≥ 7 days | 210(23.5%) | 203(27.7%) | |
| Patient source, % | |||
| Initially presenting patients | 744(84.3%) | 602(82.2%) | 0.534 |
| Referred patients | 148(16.7%) | 130(17.8%) | |
| Method of H. pylori diagnosis, % | |||
| Rapid urease test | 557(62.4%) | 437(59.7%) | 0.362 |
| Urea Breath Test | 335(37.6%) | 295(40.3%) | |
| Previous H. pylori infection, % | |||
| No | 486(54.5%) | 393(53.7%) | 0.816 |
| Yes | 258(28.9%) | 222(30.3%) | |
| Unknown | 148(16.6%) | 117(16.0%) | |
| Previous Clostridioides difficile infection, % | |||
| No | 754(84.5%) | 655(89.5%) | 0.051 |
| Yes | 71(8.0%) | 36(4.9%) | |
| Unknown | 67(7.5%) | 41(5.6%) | |
| Clostridioides difficile infection, % | |||
| No | 812(91.0%) | 632(86.3%) | 0.003 |
| Yes | 80(9.0%) | 100(13.7%) | |
| Inflammatory bowel disease, % | |||
| No | 608(68.2%) | 509(69.5%) | 0.552 |
| Yes | 284(31.8%) | 223(30.5%) | |
| Liver cirrhosis, % | |||
| No | 761(85.3%) | 601(82.1%) | 0.08 |
| Yes | 131(14.7%) | 131(17.9%) | |
| Malignant tumors, % | |||
| No | 754(84.5%) | 626(85.5%) | 0.579 |
| Yes | 138(15.5%) | 106(14.5%) | |
| Diabetes, % | |||
| No | 778(87.2%) | 645(88.1%) | 0.586 |
| Yes | 114(12.8%) | 87(11.9%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease, % | |||
| No | 690(77.4%) | 559(76.4%) | 0.638 |
| Yes | 202(22.6%) | 173(23.6%) | |
| Malnutrition, % | |||
| No | 833(93.4%) | 660(90.2%) | 0.018 |
| Yes | 59(6.6%) | 72(9.8%) | |
| Peptic ulcer, % | |||
| No | 835(93.6%) | 637(87.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 57(6.4%) | 95(13.0%) | |
| Atrophic gastritis, % | |||
| No | 756(84.8%) | 500(68.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 136(15.2%) | 232(31.7%) | |
| Prior probiotics use, % | |||
| No | 483(54.1%) | 346(47.3%) | 0.006 |
| Yes | 409(45.9%) | 386(52.7%) | |
| Prior antibiotic use, % | |||
| No | 672(75.3%) | 571(78.0%) | 0.207 |
| Yes | 220(24.7%) | 161(22.0%) | |
| Prior proton-pump inhibitors use, % | |||
| No | 611(68.5%) | 527(72.0%) | 0.126 |
| Yes | 281(31.5%) | 205(28.0%) | |