Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics stratified by SII groups
| Overall | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 458) | (n = 152) SII ≤ 455.2 |
(n = 154) 455.2 > SII ≤ 777.8 |
(n = 152) SII > 777.8 |
||
| Demographics | |||||
| Female, n (%) | 271 (59.2) | 99 (65.1) | 84 (54.5) | 88 (57.9) | 0.157 |
| NYHA III-IV | 230 (50.2) | 63 (41.4) | 80 (51.9) | 87 (57.2) | 0.020 |
| Age, years | 70.7 ± 7.5 | 69.8 ± 7.6 | 70.1 ± 7.5 | 72.2 ± 7.3 | 0.012 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 3.2 | 25.2 ± 3.4 | 25.6 ± 3.5 | 0.004 |
| Heart rate | 80.3 ± 16.9 | 78.6 ± 16.4 | 81.5 ± 18.1 | 80.7 ± 16.1 | 0.295 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 140.3 ± 23.0 | 137.5 ± 20.3 | 141.5 ± 24.2 | 141.8 ± 24.1 | 0.194 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 77.5 ± 13.3 | 77.3 ± 11.2 | 77.9 ± 15.0 | 77.1 ± 13.5 | 0.844 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 95 (20.7) | 29 (19.1) | 33 (21.4) | 33 (21.7) | 0.824 |
| Drinking | 51 (11.1) | 16 (10.5) | 18 (11.7) | 17 (11.2) | 0.949 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 110 (24.0) | 37 (24.3) | 32 (20.8) | 41 (27.0) | 0.445 |
| Diabetes | 193 (42.1) | 47 (30.9) | 62 (40.3) | 84 (55.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 339 (74.0) | 106 (69.7) | 113 (73.4) | 120 (78.9) | 0.182 |
| Dyslipidemia | 161 (35.2) | 45 (29.6) | 49 (31.8) | 67 (44.1) | 0.017 |
| CKD | 64 (14.0) | 12 (7.9) | 24 (15.6) | 28 (18.4) | 0.023 |
| Anemia | 179 (39.1) | 44 (28.9) | 63 (40.9) | 72 (47.4) | 0.004 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| FBG, mmol/L | 6.7 ± 2.5 | 6.1 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 2.4 | 7.3 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| Hb1AC, % | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 0.018 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 126.8 ± 19.7 | 128.7 ± 15.3 | 128.2 ± 21.4 | 123.6 ± 21.5 | 0.048 |
| Total Cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 0.028 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.42 ± 5.9 | 2.04 ± 10.2 | 1.11 ± 0.34 | 1.11 ± 0.39 | 0.324 |
| NTproBNP, pg/mL | 1359.4 ± 1435.5 | 1036.5 ± 1005.5 | 1179.0 ± 1168.4 | 1860.7 ± 1853.7 | < 0.001 |
| eGFR | 72.0 ± 21.9 | 76.0 ± 19.3 | 72.0 ± 22.5 | 67.9 ± 23.3 | 0.006 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 6.8 ± 5.4 | 5.8 ± 4.8 | 6.2 ± 5.3 | 8.5 ± 5.7 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 92.9 ± 68.5 | 80.1 ± 29.0 | 89.5 ± 41.2 | 108.2 ± 106.1 | 0.002 |
| Lymphocytes, *103cells/ml | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophils, *103cells/ml | 4.8 ± 2.0 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 |
| Platelet count | 201.5 ± 66.0 | 164.9 ± 47.7 | 204.3 ± 55.4 | 235.4 ± 72.7 | < 0.001 |
| Echocardiography data | |||||
| LAVI | 42.5 ± 6.5 | 41.8 ± 6.2 | 42.6 ± 6.5 | 43.2 ± 6.7 | 0.169 |
| LVEF, % | 60.7 ± 4.9 | 61.6 ± 5.0 | 60.1 ± 4.3 | 60.3 ± 5.1 | 0.018 |
| E/e’ | 14.6 ± 3.9 | 13.8 ± 3.9 | 14.7 ± 3.7 | 15.2 ± 3.9 | 0.005 |
| e’ | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 7.0 ± 1.2 | 6.8 ± 1.6 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 0.003 |
| LVEDD | 47.1 ± 5.6 | 47.1 ± 6.3 | 47.8 ± 4.8 | 46.4 ± 5.7 | 0.095 |
| PASP | 38.8 ± 8.3 | 38.1 ± 7.9 | 38.3 ± 6.8 | 40.0 ± 9.7 | 0.115 |
| LVESD | 31.5 ± 6.6 | 31.4 ± 6.6 | 31.9 ± 5.9 | 31.3 ± 7.2 | 0.699 |
| Medications | |||||
| Diuretics | 235 (51.3) | 75 (49.3) | 81 (52.6) | 79 (52.0) | 0.833 |
| Statins | 385 (84.1) | 132 (86.8) | 129 (83.8) | 124 (81.6) | 0.452 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARB | 230 (50.2) | 78 (51.3) | 78 (50.6) | 74 (48.7) | 0.892 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 142 (31.0) | 47 (30.9) | 45 (29.2) | 50 (32.9) | 0.785 |
| MCRA | 151 (33.0) | 54 (35.5) | 53 (34.4) | 44 (28.9) | 0.426 |
| Beta-blockers | 276 (60.3) | 85 (55.9) | 97 (63.0) | 94 (61.8) | 0.400 |
NYHA: New York heart association class, BMI: body mass index, CKD: chronic kidney disease, FBS: fasting blood glucose, Hb1AC: glycated hemoglobin, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, NTproBNP: HDL: high-density cholesterol: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, LAVI: left atrial volume index, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, E/e: mean septal diastolic velocity, e’: peak LV velocity, LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure, LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension, ACE inhibitors/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/ angiotensin receptor blocker, MCRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SII: systemic immune-inflammation index