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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Atten Disord. 2023 Feb 17;27(11):1207–1222. doi: 10.1177/10870547231154905

Table 6.

Linear Regression Analyses Estimating Associations Between Predictors and Parent-Reported Activity Involvement Frequency.

School sports Community sports School art Community art Clubs Religious groups Volunteer work







β (p) β (p) β (p) β (p) β (p) β (p) β (p)

Models using ADHD status
 ADHD Status −.104 (.090) −.077 (.205) −.097 (.126) −.127 (.044) −.044 (.489) −.060 (.343) −.099 (.115)
 SR CDS −.156 (.009) −.125 (.034) .105 (.089) .055 (.374) .111 (.072) .057 (.356) −.114 (.064)
 Sex .025 (.663) .009 (.878) −.030 (.623) −.045 (.457) −.072 (.232) .079 (.195) .038 (.531)
 Income .151 (.010) .235 (<.001) a −.015 (.804) .081 (.177) .076 (.208) .019 (.759) .001 (.980)
Models using PR ADHD symptom dimensions
 PR ADHD-IN −.109 (.146) −.077 (.304) −.042 (.592) −.024 (.764) .051 (.517) −.083 (.290) −.051 (.513)
 PR ADHD-HI −.077 (.271) .038 (.585) −.083 (.254) −.055 (.449) −.018 (.801) .037 (.610) −.092 (.202)
 SR CDS −.133 (.029) −.126 (.038) .109 (.087) .040 (.532) .086 (.173) .062 (.362) −.106 (.092)
 Sex .006 (.921) .014 (.810) −.033 (.587) −.030 (.623) −.051 (.409) .078 (.205) .030 (.617)
 Income .134 (.022) .242 (<.001)a −.021 (.732) .091 (.135) .092 (.131) .021 (.733) −.008 (.899)

Note. For ADHD status, 0 = no ADHD, 1 = ADHD. For sex, 0 = male, 1 = female. For race, 0 = non-White, 1 = White. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Bolded estimates reflect statistically significant models without p-value correction. SR = self-report; CDS = cognitive disengagement syndrome; PR = parent-report; ADHD-IN = ADHD inattentive symptoms; ADHD-HI = ADHD hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.

a

Estimates that are significant with Bonferroni correction (p < .008).