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. 2025 Aug 25;21:118. doi: 10.1186/s13007-025-01435-z

Table 5.

Comparison of model performance using different loss functions

Loss function P% R% mAP50/% mAP50-95/%
CIoU 89.9 90.8 93.8 93.1
GIoU 84.9 85.5 90.4 89.6
DIoU 87.8 86.8 92.5 91.8
EIoU 85.9 85.5 90.3 89.3
SIoU 85.9 86.8 91.7 91
UIoU 91.4 89.8 94.1 93.4