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. 2025 Aug 25;25:418. doi: 10.1186/s12871-025-03287-5

Table 3.

VAS pain scores pacu, 4, 8, 12 h after surgery for three groups

Group A
(n = 39)
Group B
(n = 34)
Group C(n = 38) P-Value
VAS-R
PACU 1.21 ± 0.80 1.03 ± 0.87 0.84 ± 0.74 0.163
4 h 1.03 ± 0.74 0.97 ± 1.09 0.79 ± 0.66 0.407
8 h 0.85 ± 0.81 1.21 ± 0.83 0.68 ± 0.74 0.088
12 h 0.77 ± 1.01 0.82 ± 0.94 0.66 ± 1.03 0.706
VAS-A
PACU 2.00 ± 1.48 2.50 ± 1.28 3.00 ± 1.54 0.938
4 h 2.59 ± 1.47 2.41 ± 1.46 2.55 ± 1.39 0.733
8 h 2.56 ± 1.46 2.76 ± 1.18 2.61 ± 1.33 0.306
12 h 2.33 ± 1.46 2.59 ± 1.35 2.55 ± 1.12 0.302

The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. Values are expressed as means ± SDs. Abbreviations: VAS-R, VAS scores at rest, VAS-A, VAS scores during activity