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. 2025 Aug 25;25:418. doi: 10.1186/s12871-025-03287-5

Table 4.

Comparison of other secondary outcomes

Group A
(n = 39)
Group B
(n = 34)
Group C
(n = 38)
P-Value
Bolus frequency 15.3 ± 13.0 10.8 ± 8.3 9.7 ± 9.1 0.002*
Total hydromorphone consumption(ml) 29.8 ± 20.1 25.4 ± 17.8 31.6 ± 23.5 0.145
Catheter removal (days) 1.7 ± 1.2 1.6 ± 1.1 1.5 ± 1.0 0.682
Time to first flatus (days) 2.6 ± 1.7 2.8 ± 1.8 2.7 ± 1.6 0.213
Time to first feeding (days) 3.2 ± 2.4 2.9 ± 2.1 2.7 ± 1.8 0.325
Time to first ambulation (days) 1.4 ± 0.8 1.5 ± 1.1 1.3 ± 0.7 0.089

Continuous variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and pairwise comparisons for significantly different indicators (Bolus frequency) were performed using Dunn-Bonferroni correction. Values are expressed as means ± SDs