Table 2.
Summary of previous radiographic characteristics of of PEComas
| Author | Shape | Boundary | Envelope | Nature | Dilated main pancreatic duct | Dilated bile duct | Density | Signal | Ehoic | Reinforcement mode | Enlarged lymph nodes | Invasion | Metastases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zamboni et al. [2] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | N.A | N.A | Uniform density | N.A | Homoechoic | N.A | N.A | - | - |
| Ramuz et al. [5] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | N.A | N.A | Uniform density | Isointensity | Homoechoic | N.A | - | Adjacent liver and superior mesenteric vein | - |
| Périgny et al. [6] | Round | Clear | N.A | Solid | - | - | N.A | N.A | N.A | CT: Mild enhancement in arterial phase and decreased enhancement in portal venous phase | - | - | - |
| Hirabayashi et al. [7] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | - | - | N.A | hypointensity | Hypoechoic and punctate hyperechoic | N.A | N.A | - | - |
| Baez et al. [8] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | + | N.A | Uniform density | N.A | High and low mixed echoes | CT: Mild enhancement in arterial phase and decreased enhancement in portal venous phase | - | - | - |
| Finzi et al. [9] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | - | N.A | Uniform density and slightly hyperdense | N.A | N.A | CT: Without enhancement | N.A | - | - |
| Zemet et al. [10] | N.A | Clear | N.A | Solid | + | + | Calcified foci in head of pancreas | N.A | Hyperechoic and calcified lesion | N.A | - | Compression of descending duodenum and common bile duct | - |
| Nagata et al. [11] | N.A | N.A | + | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | + |
| Mourra et al. [12] | N.A | Unclear | N.A | N.A | N.A | + | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | - | Invasion of duodenal wall with extensive necrosis and vascular invasion | + |
| Al- Haddad et al. [13] | N.A | Clear | + | Solid | - | - | N.A | N.A | Hypoechoic | N.A | N.A | - | - |
| Okuwaki et al. [14] | Irregular | Clear | + | Cystoid-material | + | - | Hyperdense inside the tumor | N.A | Hypoechoic | CT: A lack of contrast enhancement of arterial phase, the degree of enhancement during the procrastinated phase mitigated the integrity of the normal pancreatic tissue | N.A | Contact pancreas and stomach | - |
| Petrides et al. [15] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | + | + | N.A | N.A | N.A | CT: Marked enhancement in arterial phase, isodense in portal venous phase | - | - | - |
| Jiang et al. [16] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | - | - | N.A | Hypointensity on T1WI; isointensity on T2WI | Heterogeneous hypoechogenicity | CT: Marked enhancement in arterial phase, isodense in portal venous phase | - | - | - |
| Mizuuchi et al. [17] | gourd-shaped | Clear | + | Solid | + | - | Hypodense | Heterointensity | Hypoechoic Heterogeneous and included a cystic component | MRI: Heterogeneous enhancement | - | - | - |
| Collins et al. [18] | N.A | Clear | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | a whorled-like pattern of hyperechogenicity | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A |
| Zhang et al. [19] | Oval- shaped | Unclear | + | Solid | + | - | Mixed density | N.A | Hypoechoic | CT: Mild enhancement in arterial phase and decreased enhancement in portal venous phase | - | Liver and superior mesenteric vein | - |
| Sangiorgio et al. [20] | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A |
| Sangiorgio et al. [20] | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A |
| Uno et al. [21] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | - | N.A | Uniform density |
Slightly hyperintensity on T2WI Clearly hyperintensity on DWI |
Hypoechoic | CT: Enhancement pattern was the same as spleen, capsule was significantly enhanced | N.A | - | - |
| Gordon et al. [22] | Irregular | Clear | N.A | Solid | - | - | N.A | Heterointensity and patchy necrotic areas in the lesion | Heteroechoic | MRI: Mild heterogeneous enhancement with patchy areas of no enhancement | - | Duodenal wall | - |
| Ulrich et al. [23] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | - | - | Hypodense | Hypointensity on T1WI | Hypoechogenic | EUS: Persistent arterial phase enhancement, late hypoechogenicity | - | - | - |
| Geng et al. [24] | Round | Clear | N.A | Cystoid-material | - | - | Uniform density | N.A | N.A | CT: Moderately progressive enhancement | N.A | N.A | N.A |
| Almousa et al. [25] | oval-shaped | Clear | + | Solid | - | - | N.A | N.A | N.A | CT: Portal phase reduced as much as pancreas | - | - | - |
| Nogueira Sixto et al. [26] | N.A | Clear | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | - | - |
| Tsukita et al. [27] | Round | Clear | + | Solid | - | N.A | Uniform density | Hypointensity on T1WI; isointensity on T2WI | N.A | CT: No significant enhancement was observed in portal venous phase and arterial phase; edge enhancement was observed in delayed phase | - | - | - |
| Our | Round | Clear | + | Solid | - | + | N.A | Hypointensity on T1WI; Hypointensity on T2WI and patchy hyperintensity in the lesion | N.A | MRI: The arterial phase showed mild heterogeneous enhancement, in which patchy areas of significant enhancement were observed, the capsule was significantly enhanced, the degree of enhancement was reduced in the portal venous phase and delayed phase, and the signal was lower than that in the normal pancreatic parenchyma | N.A | Unclear demarcation from superior mesenteric vein | - |