Table 2.
Hepatic detoxification markers in urine (± SD).
| Variable | Diet (Control) | Diet + Intervention | Reference range | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of study | p | Baseline | End of study | p | ||
| Total porphyrins, nmol/L | 104.8 ± 33.0 | 104.7 ± 36.6 | 0.98 | 105.7 ± 28.3 | 99.4 ± 27.7 | 0.45 | < 320 |
| D-glucaric acid, nM/mg | 65.1 ± 57.5 | 51.6 ± 30.1 | 0.23 | 44.8 ± 23.7 | 59.8 ± 54.7 | 0.24 | 40–400 |
| Mercapturic acids, μM/mM | 46.5 ± 20.0 | 62.6 ± 35.3** | 0.007 | 46.6 ± 18.5 | 57.9 ± 12.5 | 0.09 | 40–95 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 118.4 ± 57.2 | 116.0 ± 51.8 | 0.88 | 134.6 ± 53.6 | 171.9 ± 81.6 * | 0.039 | 40–325 |
Data were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA followed by Fischer’s LSD test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).