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. 2025 Aug 11;16:1614678. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1614678

Table 1.

Baseline clinical characteristics of patients.

Characteristics The entire cohort number = 80 The train cohort number = 56 The test cohort number = 24 p-value
Age 55.12 ± 12.23 55.62 ± 12.34 53.96 ± 12.16 0.58
Height 165.30 ± 7.87 164.89 ± 8.21 166.25 ± 7.08 0.528
Weight 64.94 ± 9.73 64.24 ± 8.93 66.58 ± 11.42 0.327
BMI 23.74 ± 3.02 23.65 ± 3.00 23.95 ± 3.12 0.683
Tumor volume 46.30 ± 37.04 40.52 ± 29.63 59.77 ± 48.39 0.076
Tumor area 1.96 ± 1.05 1.93 ± 1.06 2.04 ± 1.04 0.58
Sex 1.0
Male 42 (52.50) 29 (51.79) 13 (54.17)
Female 38 (47.50) 27 (48.21) 11 (45.83)
Chronic 0.493
No 43 (53.75) 32 (57.14) 11 (45.83)
Yes 37 (46.25) 24 (42.86) 13 (54.17)
Family disease 1.0
No 78 (97.50) 55 (98.21) 23 (95.83)
Yes 2 (2.50) 1 (1.79) 1 (4.17)
Level 0.035
3 25 (31.25) 13 (23.21) 12 (50.00)
4 55 (68.75) 43 (76.79) 12 (50.00)
Pathological type 0.015
Glioblastoma 53 (66.25) 42 (75.00) 11 (45.83)
Astrocytoma 10 (12.50) 5 (8.93) 5 (20.83)
Oligodendroglioma 11 (13.75) 4 (7.14) 7 (29.17)
Other 6 (7.50) 5 (8.93) 1 (4.17)
Multifocal 0.122
No 72 (90.00) 48 (85.71) 24 (100.00)
Yes 8 (10.00) 8 (14.29) Null
Tumor location 0.156
Left 35 (43.75) 21 (37.50) 14 (58.33)
Right 42 (52.50) 32 (57.14) 10 (41.67)
Multi-area 3 (3.75) 3 (5.36) Null
Beyond midline 0.367
No 49 (61.25) 32 (57.14) 17 (70.83)
Yes 31 (38.75) 24 (42.86) 7 (29.17)
IDH 0.45
No 50 (62.50) 37 (66.07) 13 (54.17)
Yes 30 (37.50) 19 (33.93) 11 (45.83)
Necrosis 0.054
No 26 (32.50) 14 (25.00) 12 (50.00)
Yes 54 (67.50) 42 (75.00) 12 (50.00)