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. 2025 Aug 11;7:1584173. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1584173

Table 3.

Performance indicator categories.

Performance indicator Performance categories
Low Medium High
K0 0 1 ≥2
K1 ≤5 6–7 ≥8
K2 ≤1 2–3 ≥4
K3A ≤1 2 ≥3
K3B 0 1 ≥2
⅀(K2 + K3A + K3B) ≤3 4–6 ≥7
PC serve ≤1.40 1.41–1.80 ≥1.85
PC server reception ≤2.21 2.23–2.70 ≥2.75
PC set ≤2.26 2.31–2.76 ≥2.77
PC attack ≤2.56 2.63–3.25 ≥3.27
PC block ≤1.33 1.40–2.22 ≥2.40
PC dig ≤1.63 1.66–2.42 ≥2.66
PC set (CA) ≤2.30 2.33–2.77 ≥2.80
PC attack (CA) ≤2.40 2.42–3.30 ≥3.40
EFF attack ≤18.18 18.75–46.15 ≥46.66
EFF counterattack ≤0.00 10.00–44.40 ≥45.50

PC, performance coefficient; EFF, efficiency; CA, counterattack.

Categorized by distance measure: log-likelihood; clustering criterion: Bayesian information criterion method.