Table 2.

Definitions of proposed work values.

Higher-order work value	Work value	Definition: importance of…	Work value sub-construct	Definition: importance of…
Self-enhancement	Status	Maintaining one’s social status and prestige at work	Not specified
	Power	Leadership roles and influence through control or dominance over people and resources	Dominance	Power through control over people at work
			Resources	Power through control over resources at work
	Materialism	Material goods, wealth and luxury achieved through work	Not specified
	Achievement	Personal success at work as defined by recognition of one’s abilities and products in the organization	Advancement	Recognition of own skills and work results in accordance with social standards in the organization
			Goal orientation	Pursue a goal through one’s own work performance and demonstrate initiative and competence
Openness to change	Self-direction	Independent thought and decision-making, creating, and exploring at work; freedom to choose how to perform one’s job	Action	Freedom in determining one’s own actions at work
			Thought	Freedom to cultivate one’s own ideas and abilities at work
	Stimulation	Variety, novelty, and challenges in work situations and contexts	Challenge	Challenges and adapting to changing circumstances at work
			Variety	Variety and novelty at work
	Hedonism	Pleasure in doing work, compatibility between work and one’s recreational and leisure interests	Pleasure	Pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself at work
			Compatibility	Compatibility of work and recreational and leisure interests
Self-transcendence	Benevolence	Devoting oneself to the needs of people with whom one is in frequent work contact and creating harmonious and supportive work relationships	Relatedness	Harmonious working relationships characterized by reliability and trustworthiness
			Caring	Considering the needs and promoting the wellbeing of other people at work
	Equity	Fairness, respect, protection against discrimination for all members of the work organization	Acceptance	Acceptance and understanding of the individual differences of all members of the organization
			Advocacy	Commitment to justice, equality and protection against discrimination for all members of the organization
	Sustainability	Contributing to the welfare of society through work; socially responsible policies	Social	Contributing to a fair and equal society through work
			Environmental	Preservation of the natural environment at work
Conservation	Tradition	Respect, acceptance, and diffusion of traditions, culture, and customs at work	Societal	Maintaining and preserving societal, religious and family traditions, culture and customs at work
			Organizational	Maintaining and preserving organizational traditions, culture and customs
	Conformity	Complying and adapting to management expectations and norms, sacrificing personal inclinations to preserve organizational order	Interpersonal	Conformity with the norms and expectations of others at work
			Formal	Conformity with guidelines and rules at work
	Security	Safety, stability, avoiding risks in the work and organizational setting	Organizational	Safety in the organizational environment
			Personal	Safety in one’s job and professional future

Work value definitions are derived from Albrecht et al. (2020), Consiglio et al. (2017), Sagiv and Schwartz (2022), and Schneider et al. (2024).