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. 2025 Aug 25;13:183. doi: 10.1186/s40337-025-01377-w

Table 2.

Assessments of executive functioning difficulties

Mean S.D. Median Range (min-max)
Performance-based tasks of executive functions
Stroop’s task
- Time-based interference score 14604.29 6729.00 13270.00 23,770 (5820.00-29590.00)
- Accuracy-based interference score 0.20 0.63 0.00 3.00 (0.00–3.00)
- Percent interference 127.84 57.66 126.13 247.16 (46.59-293.75)
Cancellation task
- Combined efficiency score 0.58 0.13 0.61 0.55 (0.31-0.86)
Parent-reported executive functioning difficulties
BRIEF – Inhibit score 15.94 5.42 15.00 20.00 (10.00–30.00)
BRIEF – Shift score 16.60 2.92 17.00 12.00 (9.00–21.00)
BRIEF – Emotional control score 20.86 4.34 20.00 19.00 (11.00–30.00)
BRIEF – Initiate score 16.89 3.99 17.00 16.00 (8.00–24.00)
BRIEF – Working memory score 19.97 4.73 20.00 19.00 (10.00–29.00)
BRIEF – Plan/organize score 23.91 5.89 23.00 20.00 (13.00–33.00)
BRIEF – Organization of materials score 13.14 3.57 14.00 12.00 (6.00–18.00)
BRIEF – Monitor score 16.00 3.76 16.00 16.00 (8.00–24.00)