Table 6.
Executive Functioning Difficulties Associated with Obesity Measurements and Metabolic Parameters
| Parent-reported executive functioning difficulties in daily behaviors on BRIEF | Performance-based tasks of executive functions | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibit | Shift | Emotional control | Initiate | Working memory | Plan/ organize |
Organization of Materials | Monitor | Stroop task time-based interference | Stroop task accuracy-based interference | Stroop task percent interference | Cancellation task combined efficiency score | |
| Metabolic parameters | ||||||||||||
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.34 a | 0.33 a | 0.18 | 0.17 | − 0.04 | − 0.27 | − 0.05 | 0.17 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.27 | 0.42 a | 0.27 | 0.59 b | 0.40 a | 0.53 b | 0.38 a | 0.42 a | − 0.09 | − 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.16 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.04 | − 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.36 a | 0.34 a | − 0.07 |
| Fasting insulin (mIU/L) | 0.41 a | 0.53 b | 0.14 | 0.58 b | 0.57 b | 0.70 b | 0.50 b | 0.56 b | 0.35 a | 0.11 | 0.27 | − 0.46 b |
| HOMA-IR | 0.38 a | 0.52 b | 0.14 | 0.56 b | 0.54 b | 0.67 b | 0.48 b | 0.54 b | 0.36 a | 0.19 | 0.30 | − 0.43 a |
| Fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) | 0.20 | 0.28 | − 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.35 a | 0.34 a | 0.39 a | 0.31 | 0.41 a | 0.01 | 0.30 | − 0.52 b |
| Fasting HDL (mg/dL) | − 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.08 | − 0.09 | 0.01 | − 0.16 | − 0.05 | − 0.03 | 0.11 | − 0.15 | 0.06 | − 0.17 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.45 a | 0.34 | 0.41 a | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.15 | − 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.14 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.44 a | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.38 a | 0.35 | 0.00 | − 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
a Spearman’s rho is significant at p < .05; b Spearman’s rho is significant at p < .01