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. 2025 Aug 25;83:217. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01703-3

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics

Variables All (n = 3,297)
N %
Age (years)
65–79 2861 86.78
Sex
Female 1809 54.87
Living alone
No 2590 78.56
BMI
< 25 2016 61.15
Walking days per week
≥ 5 1426 43.25
Ever smoked
No 1344 40.76
Drink
Non-excessive 3197 96.97
Residential area
Metropolitan 1501 45.53
Urban 1033 31.33
Rural 763 23.14
Income quartile (household)
Low 1560 47.32
Lower-middle 929 28.18
Upper-middle 474 14.38
High 334 10.13
Health insurance type
National health insurance 3090 93.72
Private medical insurance
Yes 2160 65.51
Health screening within 2 years
Yes 1064 32.27
Cancer screening within 2 years
Yes 1214 36.82
Education level
High school and above 868 26.33
Charlson comorbidity index
0 2205 66.88
1 531 16.11
≥ 2 561 17.02
Disability
Yes 479 14.53
Usual perception of stress
Yes 626 18.99
Calendar year
2012 689 20.90
2013 565 17.14
2014 610 18.50
2015 665 20.17
2016 768 23.29