Table 1.
Demographic variables of nursing students based on three outcome variables: the ARI, the CTD, and the PPS (n = 283)
| Variables | Number (%) | ARI (M ± SD) |
Orientation toward the future (M ± SD) | problem-oriented/positive thinking (M ± SD) | Communication skills (M ± SD) | CTD (M ± SD) |
Creativity (M ± SD) |
Perfectionism (M ± SD) |
Commitment(M ± SD) | PPS (M ± SD) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 18–21 | 145 (51.2) | 108.27 ± 11.26 | 37.11 ± 3.99 | 21.51 ± 2.72 | 49.64 ± 7.02 | 121.68 ± 10.02 | 42.53 ± 4.45 | 32.70 ± 3.46 | 46.44 ± 4.08 | 39.80 ± 4.29 |
| ≥ 22 | 138 (48.8) | 108.21 ± 10.68 | 36.88 ± 3.80 | 21.64 ± 2.85 | 49.68 ± 6.40 | 125.50 ± 11.24 | 43.77 ± 4.94 | 33.63 ± 3.73 | 48.09 ± 4.15 | 41.05 ± 4.85 | |
| p-value | 0.964 | 0.616 | 0.701 | 0.953 | 0.003 | 0.028 | 0.031 | < 0.001 | 0.023 | ||
| Sex | Male | 139 (49.1) | 110.09 ± 10.33 | 37.33 ± 4.04 | 22.23 ± 2.48 | 50.53 ± 6.61 | 126.33 ± 10.45 | 44.25 ± 4.46 | 34.12 ± 3.72 | 47.96 ± 4.26 | 41.00 ± 4.67 |
| Female | 144 (50.9) | 106.46 ± 11.29 | 36.68 ± 3.73 | 20.95 ± 2.91 | 48.82 ± 6.73 | 120.85 ± 10.45 | 42.06 ± 4.75 | 32.22 ± 3.26 | 46.56 ± 4.00 | 39.83 ± 4.49 | |
| p-value | 0.005 | 0.165 | < 0.001 | 0.032 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.032 | ||
| Type of residence | Living alone or with family | 56 (19.8) | 113.50 ± 9.54 | 39.50 ± 4.18 | 21.50 ± 1.97 | 52.50 ± 5.00 | 124.00 ± 11.66 | 42.66 ± 3.66 | 33.00 ± 3.16 | 48.33 ± 5.64 | 40.33 ± 4.63 |
| Living in dorms | 227 (80.2) | 108.13 ± 10.98 | 36.94 ± 3.88 | 21.58 ± 2.80 | 49.60 ± 6.74 | 123.53 ± 10.97 | 43.15 ± 4.75 | 33.15 ± 3.63 | 47.22 ± 4.16 | 40.41 ± 4.61 | |
| p-value | 0.236 | 0.113 | 0.944 | 0.297 | 0.918 | 0.804 | 0.916 | 0.523 | 0.967 | ||
| Marital status | Single | 278 (1.8) | 108.18 ± 10.98 | 36.93 ± 3.88 | 21.57 ± 2.80 | 49.68 ± 6.71 | 123.47 ± 10.86 | 43.13 ± 4.77 | 33.12 ± 3.63 | 47.20 ± 4.21 | 40.36 ± 4.62 |
| Married | 5 (97.9) | 111.60 ± 10.35 | 41.00 ± 2.00 | 22.00 ± 1.41 | 48.60 ± 7.79 | 127.80 ± 3.89 | 43.60 ± 1.67 | 34.60 ± 2.88 | 49.60 ± 1.14 | 42.80 ± 3.34 | |
| p-value | 0.491 | 0.020 | 0.734 | 0.721 | 0.375 | 0.827 | 0.682 | 0.005 | 0.243 | ||
| Interest in nursing | Yes | 152 (53.7) | 110.17 ± 10.37 | 37.55 ± 3.86 | 22.07 ± 2.73 | 50.54 ± 6.38 | 125.52 ± 10.26 | 44.23 ± 4.43 | 33.63 ± 3.47 | 47.66 ± 4.00 | 41.33 ± 4.31 |
| No | 131 (46.3) | 106.01 ± 11.24 | 36.36 ± 3.84 | 21.00 ± 2.74 | 48.64 ± 6.96 | 121.25 ± 10.97 | 41.87 ± 4.76 | 32.60 ± 3.71 | 46.77 ± 4.36 | 39.33 ± 4.72 | |
| p-value | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.017 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.074 | < 0.001 | ||
ARI Academic Resilience Inventory, CTD Critical Thinking Disposition, PPS Proactive Personality Scale