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. 2025 Aug 25;25:403. doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03811-w

Table 1.

The global number of deaths and the age-standardized death rate from low temperatures, COPD, and global trends from 1990 to 2021

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Abbreviations: SDI socio-demographic index, EAPC estimated annual percentage change, UI uncertainty intervals, CI confidence interval