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. 2025 Aug 25;24:348. doi: 10.1186/s12933-025-02905-3

Table 3.

Stratified analysis of incident atrial fibrillation risk among young adults with SLD

Variables Subgroups Number of events Follow-up duration
(person-years)
Incidence rate
(per 1,000 p-y)
Adjusted HR
(95% CI)
P for interaction
Age <30 years Non-SLD 5,069 22,737,650 0.22 1.00 (Reference) 0.001
MASLD 1,520 3,814,040 0.40 1.05 (0.99– 1.12)
MetALD 314 698,612 0.45 1.14 (1.02– 1.28)
ALD 123 245,736 0.50 1.25 (1.04– 1.49)
Age ≥30 years Non-SLD 9,703 24,689,364 0.39 1.00 (Reference)
MASLD 7,494 11,218,878 0.67 1.10 (1.06– 1.14)
MetALD 1,520 1,788,323 0.85 1.32 (1.25– 1.41)
ALD 649 621,873 1.04 1.59 (1.47– 1.73)
Male Non-SLD 8,915 2,2450,770 0.40 1.00 (Reference) 0.782
MASLD 8,391 13,630,884 0.62 1.09 (1.05– 1.13)
MetALD 1,786 2,375,902 0.75 1.29 (1.22– 1.37)
ALD 750 834,022 0.90 1.52 (1.40– 1.64)
Female Non-SLD 5,857 24,976,243 0.23 1.00 (Reference)
MASLD 623 1,402,034 0.44 1.10 (1.00– 1.20)
MetALD 48 111,032 0.43 1.14 (0.85– 1.52)
ALD 22 33,587 0.66 1.72 (1.13– 2.62)
BMI <25 kg/m2 Non-SLD 13,126 43,328,918 0.30 1.00 (Reference) 0.033
MASLD 2,052 4,034,079 0.51 1.05 (1.00– 1.10)
MetALD 474 785,150 0.60 1.20 (1.09– 1.32)
ALD 217 263,440 0.82 1.65 (1.44– 1.88)
BMI ≥25 kg/m2 Non-SLD 1,646 4,098,096 0.40 1.00 (Reference)
MASLD 6,962 10,998,839 0.63 1.13 (1.07–1.20)
MetALD 1,360 1,701,785 0.80 1.35 (1.26– 1.46)
ALD 555 604,168 0.92 1.52 (1.38– 1.67)
Never-smoker Non-SLD 8,034 30,520,976 0.26 1.00 (Reference) 0.267
MASLD 2,580 4,973,004 0.52 1.09 (1.03–1.15)
MetALD 185 326,978 0.57 1.16 (1.00–1.35)
ALD 95 121,004 0.79 1.53 (1.25– 1.88)
Ex-smoker Non-SLD 1,897 4,101,965 0.46 1.00 (Reference)
MASLD 1,594 2,202,697 0.72 1.06 (0.99– 1.13)
MetALD 347 405,983 0.85 1.23 (1.10– 1.38)
ALD 130 138,496 0.94 1.31 (1.10– 1.57)
Current smoker Non-SLD 4,841 12,804,072 0.38 1.00 (Reference)
MASLD 4,840 7,857,217 0.62 1.11 (1.06– 1.16)
MetALD 1,302 1,753,973 0.74 1.33 (1.25– 1.42)
ALD 547 608,109 0.90 1.59 (1.45– 1.74)

* Adjusted by age, sex, low income status, smoking, regular exercise, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose level, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and body mass index

ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; ; HR, hazard ratio; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MetALD, metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease; SLD, steatotic liver disease