Table 2.
IAP measurement behaviour of adult critical care nurses(n = 1068)
| No. | Variable | Frequency | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Have measured IAP | ||
| Yes | 768 | 71.9% | |
| No | 300 | 28.1% | |
| 2 | Reasons why not measured | ||
| Lack of attention from managers | 30 | 10% | |
| Lack of training | 180 | 60% | |
| Lack of indication of measurement | 88 | 29.3% | |
| Insufficient understanding of relevant evidence | 89 | 29.7% | |
| Lack of medical insurance and other related policy support | 50 | 16.7% | |
| The complex operation process increases nurses’ workload | 29 | 9.7% | |
| Lack of related equipment | 142 | 47.3% | |
| 3 | Measurement approach | ||
| By abdominal puncture | 2 | 0.3% | |
| By laparoscopy | 2 | 0.3% | |
| By bladder | 754 | 98.2% | |
| By gastric | 6 | ||
| By rectum | 2 | 0.3% | |
| By the inferior vena cava | 2 | 0.3% | |
| 4 | Measurement methods | ||
| Traditional (intermittent) technique | 642 | 85.1% | |
| Continuous (pressure transducers) technique | 179 | 23.7% | |
| Urodynamic monitoring | 175 | 23.2% | |
| 5 | Comforted and explained to awake patients before measurement | ||
| Always | 365 | 47.5% | |
| Often | 200 | 26% | |
| Sometimes | 140 | 18.2% | |
| Occasionally | 50 | 6.5% | |
| Never | 13 | 1.7% | |
| 6 | Ensured the tube was free of bubbles and blockages | ||
| Always | 542 | 70.6% | |
| Often | 172 | 22.4% | |
| Sometimes | 42 | 5.5% | |
| Occasionally | 12 | 1.6% | |
| Never | 0 | 0 | |
| 7 | Patients body position when measuring | ||
| Completely supine position with straight legs | 353 | 46% | |
| Head of bed ≤ 15° | 48 | 6.3% | |
| Head of bed ≥ 30° | 16 | 2.1% | |
| Keep the same position as zeroing | 351 | 45.7% | |
| 8 | Zero reference point | ||
| Pubic symphysis | 297 | 38.7% | |
| The level of the axillary midline | 82 | 10.7% | |
| Intersection point where the mid-axillary line crosses the iliac crest | 389 | 50.7% | |
| 9 | Marked the zero reference level on the patient to improve the accuracy of measurement | ||
| Always | 337 | 43.9% | |
| Often | 205 | 26.7% | |
| Sometimes | 99 | 12.9% | |
| Occasionally | 90 | 11.7% | |
| Never | 37 | 4.8% | |
| 10 | Volume instilled into the bladder before measurement (ml) | ||
| ≤ 25 | 457 | 59.5% | |
| 26 ~ | 74 | 9.6% | |
| 51 ~ | 158 | 20.6% | |
| > 100 | 79 | 10.3% | |
| 11 | Noticed the influence of temperature | ||
| Always | 207 | 27% | |
| Often | 206 | 26.8% | |
| Sometimes | 131 | 17.1% | |
| Occasionally | 181 | 23.6 | |
| Never | 43 | 5.6% | |
| 12 | When to zero the pressure module? | ||
| Every time | 589 | 76.7% | |
| Every shift | 140 | 18.2% | |
| Every day | 16 | 2.1% | |
| Never | 23 | 3% | |
| 13 | How to deal with the effect of the positive end-expiratory pressure on IAP? | ||
| Never noticed the effect | 80 | 10.4% | |
| Noticed the effect, but do not know how to deal with | 139 | 18.1% | |
| Noticed the effect, recorded the positive end-expiratory pressure value | 170 | 22.1% | |
| Reduced the positive end-expiratory pressure to zero before reading the IAP value | 146 | 19% | |
| Temporarily disconnect the ventilator to read the IAP value | 41 | 5.3% | |
| Subtracted the positive end-expiratory pressure value from the read intra-abdominal pressure value | 192 | 25% | |
| 14 | Timing of reading the IAP value | ||
| Read the value at the end of exhalation | 465 | 60.5% | |
| Read the value at the end of inspiration | 143 | 18.6% | |
| Never noticed | 160 | 20.8% | |
| 15 | Waiting time after instillation (s) | ||
| < 15 | 147 | 19.1% | |
| 15 ~ | 374 | 48.7% | |
| 30 ~ | 117 | 15.2% | |
| > 60 | 28 | 3.6% | |
| Never noticed | 102 | 13.3% | |
Note: IAP: Intra-abdominal Pressure