Table 2.

Literature review: hypercalcemia in DLBCL [1, 4, 13–15]

Author	Age	Gender	Peak serum calcium concentration (mg/dL)	Pathogenesis	Treatment	Outcome
Alpha Oumar Diallo et al. [1]	76	Male	16.7	PTHrP mediated HHM	Aggressive hydration Calcitonin Bisphosphonates Hemodialysis	Decreased serum calcium concentration. The patient succumbed to the underlying disease.
Gabriella A. Conte et al. [13]	69	Male	16.1	PTHrP mediated HHM	Aggressive hydration Calcitonin Bisphosphonates Diuretic	Decreased serum calcium concentration.
Arafat Shabbir et al. [14]	71	Male	13.5	LOH	Aggressive hydration Calcitonin Prednisolone	Decreased serum calcium concentration.
Ping Chen et al. [4]	58	Female	15.6	LOH (Increased expression of RANKL) PTHrP mediated HHM	Aggressive hydration Calcitonin Bisphosphonates Diuretic	Decreased serum calcium concentration.
Yasser Hegazy et al. [15]	60	Female	12.5	Overproduction of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D	Bisphosphonates	Decreased serum calcium concentration.

Abbreviations: PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related protein; HHM, humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy; LOH, local osteolytic hypercalcemia; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand