Table 2.
Summary of epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and outcome of all reported patients who had central nervous system infections associated with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies
| ID | Ethnicity | Sex/age (years) | Comorbidity | Manifestation | Pathogens of CNS infection | Diagnostic method | Co-infetion of other sites | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 [7] | Chinese | F/51 | No | Cough, fever, rash, paroxysmal headache, lose consciousness, neck stiffness, weakened limb muscles | Intracranial infection | Brain MRI, CSF examination | P. acnes, Yeast-like fungal spores, Malassezia, Malassezia globoides | CTX, AMK, AZM, RFP, EMB, FLC | Survived |
| 2 [6] | Caucasian | F/65 | No | NA | Toxoplasmosis | Biopsy | MAC, S. enterica | SDZ/PYZ, RFP, EMB, CAM | NA |
| 3 [8] | Chinese | M/54 | No | Fever, coughing with expectoration, dizziness, headache, gait imbalance | N. farcinica | Purulent fluid culture of brain tissue | TM | VRZ, SMX-TMP, MXF | Survived |
| 4 [9] | Caucasian | F/39 | Asthma | Shortness of breath, seizures, left-sided weakness, headaches, fevers, weight loss, night sweats | MAC | Culture from brain and meningeal specimens | MAC | RFP, EMB, AZM | Survived |
| 5 [10] | Thai | F/53 | No | Right cervical mass, fever, weight loss, fatigue, vision loss in left eye | VZV | CSF analysis for VZV-DNA by PCR | Cryptococcosis,M. abscessus | AmB, FLC, AMK, IMI, AZM, LVF, ACV | Survived |
| 6 [11] | Chinese | F/59 | No | Fever, headache, malaise, neck mass, chest and back pain | L. monocytogenes | NGS analysis of CSF | TM, L.monocytogenes, M. kansasii | LAmB, VRZ, PIP-TAZ, AMP, MER, AMK, TIG, CAM, LNZ, EMB, RFP | Survived |
| 7 [12] | Chinese | M/54 | No | Experienced cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, high fever, chest pain, bone pain, persistent headache, lower back pain | L. monocytogenes | NGS analysis of CFS | B. cepacia, S. aureus, TM, M. kansasii | MER, PIP-TAZ, LAmB, VRZ, AMP, TIG, AMK, LNZ, EMB, CAM, RFP, | Survived |
M male, F female, NA not available, N. farcinica Nocardia farcinica, MAC Mycobacterium avium complex, VZV Varicella-zoster virus, S. enterica Salmonella enterica, M. abscessus Mycobacterium abscessus, P. acnes Propionibacterium acnes, M. kansasii Mycobacterium kansasii, S. aureus Staphylococcus aureus, B. cepacia Burkholderia cepacia, VRZ voriconazole, SMX-TMP sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, MXF moxifloxacin, SDZ/PYZ sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine, RFP rifampicin, EMB ethambutol, CAM clarithromycin, AZM azithromycin, AmB amphotericin B, FLC fluconazole, AMK amikacin, IMI imipenem, LVF levofloxacin, ACV acyclovir, CTX ceftriaxone, LAmB liposomal amphotericin B, PIP-TAZ piperacillin-tazobactam, AMP ampicillin, MER meropenem, TIG tigecycline, LNZ linezolid