Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by T2DM status
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 14968) |
Non-T2DM (n = 12803) |
T2DM (n = 2165) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 5,977 (39.93%) | 5,181 (40.47%) | 796 (36.77%) | |
| Female | 8,991 (60.07%) | 7,622 (59.53%) | 1,369 (63.23%) | |
| Age (years) | 51.00 (19.00) | 50.00 (20.00) | 52.00 (16.00) | < 0.001 |
| Marital Status | 0.005 | |||
| Married/Cohabitating | 13,551 (90.57%) | 11,555 (90.29%) | 1,996 (92.24%) | |
| Unmarried/Divorced/widowed | 1,411 (9.43%) | 1,243 (9.71%) | 168 (7.76%) | |
| Education Level | 0.030 | |||
| Lower Secondary | 13,500 (90.19%) | 11,519 (89.97%) | 1,981 (91.50%) | |
| Higher Secondary | 1,468 (9.81%) | 1,284 (10.03%) | 184 (8.50%) | |
| Income | 0.359 | |||
| Low Income | 13,950 (93.46%) | 11,921 (93.38%) | 2,029 (93.94%) | |
| High Income | 976 (6.54%) | 845 (6.62%) | 131 (6.06%) | |
| Physical Activity | 0.482 | |||
| Non-Ideal (sedentary lifestyle) | 2,907 (19.42%) | 2,499 (19.52%) | 408 (18.85%) | |
| Ideal | 12,061 (80.58%) | 10,304 (80.48%) | 1,757 (81.15%) | |
| Smoking Status | 0.125 | |||
| Non-Smoker | 10,709 (71.68%) | 9,127 (71.44%) | 1,582 (73.07%) | |
| Smoker | 4,232 (28.32%) | 3,649 (28.56%) | 583 (26.93%) | |
| Alcohol Consumption | 0.655 | |||
| Non-Drinker | 13,244 (88.48%) | 11,335 (88.53%) | 1,909 (88.18%) | |
| Drinker | 1,724 (11.52%) | 1,468 (11.47%) | 256 (11.82%) | |
| Family History of Diabetes | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 11,352 (93.76%) | 9,783 (94.39%) | 1,569 (90.02%) | |
| Yes | 755 (6.24%) | 581 (5.61%) | 174 (9.98%) | |
| Antihypertensive Drug Use | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 13,349 (89.18%) | 11,519 (89.97%) | 1,830 (84.53%) | |
| Yes | 1,619 (10.82%) | 1,284 (10.03%) | 335 (15.47%) | |
| WC (cm) | 81.00 (14.25) | 80.05 (13.75) | 87.30 (14.20) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.79 (4.77) | 23.51 (4.57) | 25.67 (4.97) | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.67 (25.00) | 120.67 (24.67) | 126.33 (25.67) | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.00 (14.67) | 76.33 (14.33) | 80.00 (15.00) | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.30 (0.69) | 5.25 (0.65) | 5.65 (0.87) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.35 (1.17) | 4.31 (1.17) | 4.57 (1.15) | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.32 (0.94) | 1.27 (0.89) | 1.64 (1.22) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.14 (0.33) | 1.15 (0.33) | 1.09 (0.31) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.50 (1.00) | 2.50 (1.00) | 2.60 (0.90) | < 0.001 |
| AIP | 0.06 (0.37) | 0.04 (0.36) | 0.18 (0.38) | < 0.001 |
All variables are reported as median (IQR) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables
p values for normally distributed continuous variables were calculated using t-tests, while non-normally distributed variables were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables, P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant
Low income was defined as monthly income ≤ 500 RMB, and high income as monthly income > 500 RMB
Physical activity was categorized as “Ideal” for those meeting WHO recommendations for weekly exercise and “Non-Ideal” otherwise
WC, Waist Circumference; BMI, Body Mass Index; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; FPG, Fasting Plasma Glucose; TC, Total Cholesterol; TG, Triglycerides; HDL-C, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-C, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol