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. 2025 Aug 25;19:97. doi: 10.1186/s13034-025-00952-y

Table 2.

Summary of the direct and indirect effects

Direct and indirect effects Bias-corrected bootstrapped estimates for the effects
B SE 95% CI β
Direct pathway
T1 Parent–child relationship → T3 Adolescent depression 0.21 0.05 [0.316, 0.113] 0.31
Indirect pathways
T1 Parent–child relationship → T2 Psychological resilience → T3 Adolescent depression 0.02 0.01 [0.050, 0.004] 0.03

Note T1 = Time 1, T2 = Time 2, T3 = Time 3; The significant results are in bold. B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval for the standardized coefficient; β = standardized coefficient