. 2025 Aug 25;10:37. doi: 10.1186/s41256-025-00437-7

Table 3.

Changes in average monthly TB hospital CFR between 1st and 5th outbreaks of COVID-19

Average monthly hospital TB CFR/100 admissions	Outbreak period
	Mean (95% CI)
Observed (actual)	6.56 (6.17, 6.96)	6.01 (5.76, 6.26)	6.19 (5.68, 6.70)	6.31 (4.80, 7.82)	7.59 (6.07, 9.11)	7.27 (6.53, 8.01)
Counterfactual	5.75 (5.08, 6.43)	5.51 (5.09, 5.92)	5.68 (5.09, 6.26)	5.74 (5.08, 6.40)	5.83 (5.07, 6.59)	5.97 (5.05, 6.89)
Percent difference^*	14.08 (8.32, 21.46)	9.08 (5.74, 13.16)	8.97 (7.03, 11.59)	9.93 (−5.51, 22.19)	30.19 (19.72, 38.24)	21.78 (16.26, 29.31)

Average monthly hospital TB CFR/100 admissions

Outbreak period

Overall period

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

Mean (95% CI)

Observed (actual)

6.56

(6.17, 6.96)

6.01

(5.76, 6.26)

6.19

(5.68, 6.70)

6.31

(4.80, 7.82)

7.59

(6.07, 9.11)

7.27

(6.53, 8.01)

Counterfactual

5.75

(5.08, 6.43)

5.51

(5.09, 5.92)

5.68

(5.09, 6.26)

5.74

(5.08, 6.40)

5.83

(5.07, 6.59)

5.97

(5.05, 6.89)

Percent difference^*

14.08

(8.32, 21.46)

9.08

(5.74,

13.16)

8.97

(7.03, 11.59)

9.93

(−5.51, 22.19)

30.19

(19.72, 38.24)

21.78

(16.26, 29.31)

^*Percent difference, ((Observed – Counterfactual)/Counterfactual) × 100; TB, Tuberculosis; CFR, Case fatality rate; CI, Confidence interval; The bold values, Statistically significant