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. 2025 Aug 25;11:79. doi: 10.1186/s40780-025-00487-6

Table 2.

Incidence of euDKA within the first 30 days after surgery

Discontinuation of SGLT2is for ≥ 3 days
prior to surgery
p-value
(+) (n = 627) (−) (n = 542)
Development of perioperative euDKA 1 (0.2) 20 (3.7) < 0.001
Time to euDKA diagnosis
Within 3 days 0 (0.0) 9 (1.7) < 0.001
Within 7 days 1 (0.2) 16 (3.0)
Within 14 days 1 (0.2) 19 (3.5)
Within 30 days 1 (0.2) 20 (3.7)
Predominant symptoms of euDKA
Nausea 109 (17.4) 113 (20.8) 0.136
Vomiting 40 (6.4) 38 (7.0) 0.725
Tachycardia 1 (0.2) 5 (0.9) 0.102
Abdominal pain 0 (0.0) 2 (0.4) 0.215
Postoperative laboratory parameters
Arterial pH 7.44 [7.32–7.76] 7.44 [7.27–7.55] 0.580
Serum bicarbonate level (mEq/L) 25.0 [17.0–36.6] 24.3 [11.7–33.1] 0.013
Serum BHBA level (µmol/L) 35 [11–203] 37 [12–574] 0.629
Blood glucose level (mg/dL) 112 [68–257] 112 [70–282] 0.327
Level of postoperative blood glucose
Hyperglycemia (≥ 125 mg/dL) 167 (26.6) 147 (27.1) 0.895
Mild hyperglycemia (125–250 mg/dL) 158 (25.2) 135 (24.9) 0.946
Hypoglycemia (≤ 60 mg/dL) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) N.A.
Days until eating and SGLT2i are resumed after surgery 1 [0–23] 1 [0–24] 0.614

Values are presented as median [range] or number (%). The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test or Fisher’s exact test. BHBA, β-hydroxybutyrate; euDKA, euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis; N.A., not available; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor