Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of Focal and Control Variables: AddHealth

	Description	Range	Mean/proportion	SD
Dependent variables
Paternal closeness
Perceived relationship with father	Self-reported closeness to father	1–5	Not at all: 4.21 Very little: 6.14 Somewhat: 16.26 Quite a bit: 26.09 Very much: 47.3	N/A
Activities with father	Self-reported number of activities with father in the last 4 weeks	0–8	2.39	1.771
Independent variables
Any sport participation	Adolescents report if they participated in sports	0–1	Yes: 43.39 No: 56.61	N/A
Sport participation by sex	Adolescents report if they participated in sports by their sex	1–4	No sport boys: 17.48 Sport boys: 31.11 No sport girls: 25.9 Sport girls: 25.46	N/A
Controls
Sex	Biological sex of respondent	0–1	Male: 48.63 Female: 51.37	N/A
Race	Self-reported racial group	1–6	White: 60.35 Hispanic: 10.65 Black: 21.21 Native: 2.61 Asian: 4.04 Other: 1.14	N/A
Parental health	Scale showing the poorest health of parents	1–5	3.33	1.027
Family structure	Type of family structure	1–3	Two parent bio: 50.47 Blended: 15.67 Single parent: 33.86	N/A
Number of siblings	Number of siblings the respondent has	0–12	1.385	1.176
Parental income	Total household income in thousands	6–100 (in thousands)	42.337	26.355
Parental education	Highest year of education in home	1–20	14.12	3.311

Note. N = 5,700.