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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Liver Transpl. 2025 Jun 6;19:100285. doi: 10.1016/j.liver.2025.100285

TABLE 2:

Case reports, series and cohort studies detailing use of ICI in the peritransplantation setting for HCC therapy.

Pre-LT Author Age/Sex ICI regimen Therapy Prior to/with ICI ICI duration of Treatment ICI Completion to Transplant (m) Rejection Other Outcomes
Nordness et al. 2020 65 M nivolumab Hepatectomy Sorafenib TARE TACE 2 years 8 days Yes - Partial remission pre-LT
- Fatal hepatic necrosis
Schwacha-Eipper 2020 62 M nivolumab Sorafenib Regorafenib 34 cycles 6 weeks No -Partial remission pre-LT
Chen et al 2021 39 M toripalimab Hepatectomy TACE Sorafenib Lenvatinib Ablation 10 cycles 93 days Yes -Fatal acute hepatic necrosis
Kang et al. 2022 14 M pembrolizumab Cisplatin/Doxorubicin/Dexrazoxane Hepatectomy TACE 9 weeks 138 days No -Hepatic artery dissection
-Graft loss
Schnickel et al. 2022 61F nivolumab n/a 18 months 5 weeks Yes -Hepatic necrosis
-Graft loss
65M nivolumab n/a 8 months 10 days Yes -Hepatic necrosis
71 M nivolumab n/a 8 months 3 months No n/a
65 F nivolumab n/a 12 months 4 months No n/s
68M nivolumab n/a 12 months 6 months No -Cholestasis
-Death
Abdelrahim et al. 2024 64 M atezolimumab+bevacimumab Radiation 4 months 4 months No -Recurrence
61 M nivolumab TARE Hepatectomy Sorafenib 8 months 8 weeks No n/a
58 M atezolimumab+bevacimumab TARE Lenvatinib TACE Carbonzatinib 3 months 6 months No -Recurrence
61 M nivolumab
atezolimumab+ bevacimumab
Lenvatinib 1 month
3 months
2 months No n/a
68 M atezolizumab + bevacimumab TARE TACE Ablation Lenvatinib 16 months 36 months No -Chronic respiratory failure
-Sustained bacteremia and septic shock
59 M nivolumab ipilimumab Hepatectomy Ablation TACE Radiation 1 months 41 months No -ICI associated hepatotoxicity
-Mesh related complications
Post-LT Author Age/Sex ICI regimen Other Post-LT Therapy ICI duration of Treatment Transplant to ICI Initiation Duration (m) Rejection Other Outcomes
Varkaris et al. 2017 70 M pembrolizumab Sorafenib Chemoradiation Capecitabine 4 months 8 years No -Disease progression
De Toni et al. 2017 41 M nivolumab TACE Ablation 15 cycles 11 months Yes -Disease progression
Friend et al. 2017 20 M nivolumab Sorafenib Capecitabine 2 weeks 3 years Yes -Fatal acute graft rejection
14 M nivolumab Sorafenib Capecitabine 1 week 3 years Yes -Fatal acute graft rejection
Rammohan et al. 2018 57 M pembrolizumab Sorafenib 10 months 4 years No -Partial remission
DeLeon et al. 2018 56 M nivolumab Sorafenib 1.2 months 2.7 years No -Disease progression
55 M nivolumab Sorafenib 1.1 months 7.8 years No -Disease progression
34 F nivolumab Sorafenib 1.3 months 3.7 years No -Disease progression
63 M nivolumab Sorafenib 0.3 months 1.2 years No -Multiorgan failure
68 M nivolumab Sorafenib 0.9 months 1.1 years Yes n/a
Gassmann et al. 2018 53 F nivolumab Sorafenib 1 week 2 years Yes -Fatal severe graft rejection
Amjad et al. 2019 62 F nivolumab TACE Radiation 6 months 1.3 Years No -Complete remission
Kumar et al. 2019 64 M nivolumab Sorafenib 1 week 2 years Yes -n/a
Pandey et al. 2020 52F ipilumumab Ablation Sorafenib 13 months 7.5 years No -Complete remission
Al Jarroudi O. 2020 70 M nivolumab Sorafenib Gemcitabine Oxaliplatin Regorafenib 8 weeks 3 years Yes -Disease progression
62 F nivolumab Sorafenib Regorafenib 5 fluorouracil/ Oxaliplatin 10 weeks unknown No -Disease progression
66 M nivolumab Sorafenib Regorafenib 12 weeks 5 years No -Disease progression
Anugwom et al. 2020 62 M nivolumab Sorafenib Carboplatin/Gemcitabine 5 fluorouracil/ oxaliplatin Radiation 2 months 1 year Yes -Immune hepatitis