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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 7.
Published in final edited form as: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025 Aug 7;227:112415. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112415

Table 1:

Participant Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N = 113)

Variable Mean ± SD n (%)
Age, in years 20.9 ± 3.0
Biological Sex Assigned at Birth
  Female 79 (69.9)
  Male 34 (30.1)
Race/ethnicity
  Black, non-Hispanic 42 (37.2)
  White, non-Hispanic 54 (47.8)
  Hispanic or Latino 8 (7.1)
  Other 9 (7.9)
Education, in years 12.7 ± 2.2
  ≤High school diploma or equivalent 67 (59.3)
  >High school 46 (40.7)
Residence
  In family home 91 (80.5)
  Living independently 22 (19.5)
Employment status
  Employed, full or part-time 75 (66.3)
  Unemployed 38 (33.6)
Subjective socioeconomic status 5.6 ± 1.8
  Duration of diabetes, in years 10.9 ± 5.2
  HbA1c
  % 9.5 ± 2.0
  mmol/mol 81 ± 22
  Blood glucose monitoring method
  Meter 85 (75.2)
  Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) 28 (24.8)
Insulin delivery method
  Injected Insulin 51 (45.2)
  Insulin infusion pump 63 (55.8)