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. 2025 Aug 13;28(1):105–118. doi: 10.1007/s10903-025-01762-2

Table 3.

Intervention descriptors of original (S2S and SISTA) and adapted (DKD and DADA) interventions

Original Interventions Adapted Interventions
S2S“Sister to Sister" DKD“Dada-kwa-Dada”
Facilitator Health Professional (nurse, case manager, health educator) Peer-led (1 facilitator who is African/Black woman)
Format One-on-one (Individual-level) manualized in-person interaction in English with short video, role plays, didactic information One-on-one (Individual-level) manualized online interaction in English or French, short video on condom use, didactic information
Length Brief (20 min) 1 hour
Theoretical basis Based on Social Cognitive Theory Based on Social Cognitive Theory
Core content

o Bolster expectations of condom use (e.g., using condoms doesn’t decrease sexual pleasure)

o Teach & practice negotiation and refusal skills

o Demonstrate condom use

o Build self-efficacy for wanting to use condoms

o Risk assessment inventory

o HIV education [including HIV transmission, condom use, and PrEP] & negotiation videos [featuring African-born Black women]

o Negotiation skills

SISTA
“Sisters Informing Sisters about Topics on AIDS”
DADA
Facilitator Peer (female) Peer-led (2 female African facilitators)
Format Small in-person manualized group session (6–8 peers) in English, ethnic pride poetry, short video, role play, social support, interactive learning Small group online session (6–8 peers) in English or French, African ethnic story, short video on condom use, social support, manual and handouts, interactive learning
Length Five 2-hour sessions Two 3-hour sessions
Theoretical basis Based on Theory of Gender and Power & Social Cognitive Theory Based on Theory of Gender and Power & Social Cognitive Theory
Core content

o Inform gender inequality & HIV risk

o Promote ethnic & gender pride through African American Poem

o Teach women sexual assertion skills

o Teach sexual health, anatomy, and communication with partners

o Emphasize the importance of the partner’s involvement

o Personal values assessment

o African ethnic & gender pride (including African woman’s story)

o HIV education including HIV transmission, condom use, and PrEP

o Behavioral self-management training

o Coping skills