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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2025 Jun 26;188(13):3389–3404.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.04.027

Figure 3. Archaic gene flow in India and worldwide populations.

Figure 3

Upset plot and cumulative amount of archaic ancestry sequences (in Gb) in modern humans for (A) Neanderthal and (B) Denisovan ancestries. For comparison with deCODE49, we used the stringent posterior probability cutoff (>0.9) and removed any SNPs in repetitive regions, (C) Each dot represents the minimum coalescence time with Sub-Saharan Africans estimated by using the emission parameters of the modern human state in hmmix. The X-axis shows each population colored by the region, and the gray area marks the 95% CI of the coalescence time of that population to sub-Saharan Africans. The dotted line represents the time of the Toba eruption (74,000 years ago53) reflective of the minimum estimate of the Southern Dispersal out of Africa.