AASI	Ancient Ancestral South Indians represent an Indigenous, unsampled South Asian population that is one of the most ancient lineages in South Asia
ASI	Ancestral South Indians represent a hypothetical group that has ancestry related to AASI and ancient Iranian farmers
ANI	Ancestral North Indians represent a hypothetical group that has ancestry related to ASI and Eurasian Steppe pastoralists from Central Steppe MLBA
AHG	AHG refers to present-day Indigenous Andaman Islanders, the Onge, who are related to the unsampled Indigenous South Asians30 (n = 15)
Indus Periphery Cline	Indus Periphery Cline is a heterogeneous group of 11 outlier samples from Bronze Age cultures of Shahr-i-Sokhta and Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex that has been shown to have Iranian farmer-related and some AHG-related ancestry in an earlier study.30 Indus Periphery West (I8726) is a single individual with the highest Iranian farmer-related ancestry among the Indus Periphery Cline, dated to ~3,100–3,000 BCE
Central Steppe MLBA	The individuals from the Central Steppe Middle to late Bronze Age are considered as the source for Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist-derived ancestry in South Asia30 (n = 34) dated to ~2,000–900 BCE
Sarazm EN	4th millennium BCE farmers and herders from Sarazm, Tajikistan, dated to ~3,600–3,500 BCE (n = 2)
Parkhai Anau EN	Eneolithic individuals from Tepe Anau and Parkhai in Turkmenistan dated to ~3,500–2,900 BCE (n = 9)
Namazga CA	Chalcolithic individuals from Namazga in Turkmenistan dated to ~3,300–3,200 BCE (n = 2)